Posted by: Meg M. | January 14, 2013

The Many Faces of Dorian Gray

I wanted to take a look at some of the interpretations of Dorian Gray presented in different media, specifically book covers, comic book covers, and actors from movie interpretations. As someone meant to represent the epitome of beauty, youth, and ‘purity’ of the soul as seen in physical form, it is interesting to note the differences and similarities of these varied interpretations. From actors to illustrations, each of these portraits adds a unique element to the discussion of Gray’s aesthetically pleasing figure. These are obviously not the only interpretations- there are sure to be countless actors from varied plays and smaller budget films, etc. I also found a great site that lists a ton of more  comic books in which Dorian Gray makes appearances than are listed here. Here are some of the faces of Dorian Gray:

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Hurd Hatfield in the 1945 film adaptation The Picture of Dorian Gray (source).

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Helmut Berger in the 1970 film adaptation The Secret of Dorian Gray (source)

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Dell Laurel Print Edition 1973

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Charles Aidman in the 1973 movie adaptation The Picture of Dorian Gray (source).

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Dover Thrift Print Edition 1993

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Barnes and Noble Classics Print Edition 2003

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Josh Duhamel in the 2004 film adaptation The Picture of Dorian Gray (if you can believe it). I personally couldn’t so here’s the trailer.

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Marvel’s 2008 Comic Book cover of Part One of The Picture of Dorian Gray (source).

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Tantor Media Print Edition 2008

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Penguin Print Edition 2008

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World Library Print Edition 2009

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Ben Barnes in the 2009 film adaptation Dorian Gray (source).

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IDW Publishing’s 2012 Comic Book Cover (source).

In seeing all these interpretations together, we must ask ourselves, How would we characterize ideals of beauty from the late 19th century? Do these ideals define or present any social issues of the time? Can this ideal of beauty be seen as having evolved over time? Is our understanding of what we consider sublime during the late 19th century something we can ever fully understand or appreciate, being influenced by images and ideals of our own time? And all this, of course, with a grain of salt: what is the value, if any, in categorizing and cataloging ideals of beauty,(limiting and excluding as they are) if only to understand how these ideals negatively impact any and all those who fall outside these narrow margins (however narrowly one defines them)?

Posted by: annegab | December 24, 2012

Italy vs. Britain: Women’s Literary Rights

This semester I took an Italian Children’s Literature course, which has been an interesting juxtaposition to this class because Italy was only unified politically and geographically in 1861 . Even afterwards the central government/monarchy was shaky at best (you could say it still is). With this major political difference in mind and the fact that Catholicism permeated the homes of Italy, it’s been interesting to see the difference between the representation/freedom of women in  Italy vs. Britain. This is particularly apparent in female authorship and the production of novels and journals. While Victorian England had acclaimed female authors such as the Bronte sisters and Elizabeth Gaskell, Italy lacked the same widespread readership and celebrity status around literary works/figures because until 1871, 80% of the population was illiterate! Therefore the readership was a minority and very elite. As literacy rates increased due to educational policies so did the role of female writers and readership. However, literary material was dominated by etiquette books and domestic novels (there are exceptions such as Anna Maria Mozzini’s literature on emancipation rather than virtue/marriage).

I thought I would share with you an excerpt from one of the class readings: For class we read an excerpt from Anna Caesar’s Proper Behaviour: Women, the novel and conduct books in 19th century Italy. Caesar argues that “what the proliferation of writings manifested was the widening gap between cultural constructions of femininity and women’s lives (29)”. Comportment books and journals for women were part of an important political agenda to domesticate women and provide a moral framework that women would then disperse in their homes. Women, though excluded from politics, were given the important task of forming Italy/unifying it through moral standards. Just like in Victorian England, Italy grappled with the double-image of womanhood. Italian women were supposed to be passive and segregated to the domestic sphere. Italian female writers struggled with the paradox of being submissive and writing-which was considered a public and scandalous activity—yet many of them were very successful. Still the ideology that “writing was an act of self-assertion at a time when self-effacement was considered proper behavior” continued to haunt the conscience of female writers of the 19th century (33).

Posted by: schne20r | December 17, 2012

Diane Arbus: exploring the truth claim of photography

One of the interesting problems that surfaced during the shift from portraiture to photography is the nature of photography’s claim to be a scientific representation of absolute truth.  As John Tagg writes in The Burden of Representation, “The value and fascination of such mechanically produced portraits seemed to lie in their unprecedented accuracy.  The mechanisation of production guaranteed not only their cheapness and ready availability, but also, so it seemed, their authenticity.  When the technology of the camera first became available, there was a great deal of concern about the accuracy of a photographic representation.  Because we are pre-programmed to accept a photograph as “truth” and due to new technologies such as facebook, this concern is still relevant today.  

Diane Arbus, a 1960′s photographer, explores the truth-claim of photography and the ability of the camera to reveal what she described as the “gap between intention and effect”. 

An excellent example is her photograph, “Child with Toy Hand Grenade”.  When viewed in tandem with her contact sheet, it is clear that Arbus chose to represent the boy as crazy even though he appears to be a completely normal child in all the other photos.  

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http://www.onewonderfulthing.com/2012/02/artists.html

 

In class we discussed the interesting dynamic in the Cullwick-Munby relationship.  Although I appreciate Carol Mavor’s attempt to argue that Hannah had agency, I find her comparison of the photographs of Hannah to those of modern feminist photographers such as Antin and Sherman to be a problematic one.  Although we have Hannah’s diaries, it is difficult for us to uncover her true feelings because she wrote her diaries for Munby to read.  I agree that it is possible that Hannah enjoyed dressing up as different characters, but I do not think that Hannah was attempting to interrogate types in a mocking way as Sherman does in her images.  Perhaps this difference can be attributed to the intended audience of the photographs.  Hannah’s images were intended to be seen by only Munby and herself, and Sherman’s photographs were aimed to a much wider audience.

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Figure 1. Untitled #224, 1990 

http://www.saatchi-gallery.co.uk/aipe/cindy_sherman.htm

Figure 2. Cindy Sherman Untitled #193, 1989 

http://www.sfmoma.org/exhib_events/exhibitions/448

Figure 3.  Hannah Cullwick as slave

http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/agibson10/

Figure 4.  Hannah Cullwick as Magdalene

http://peopleus.blogspot.com/2011_10_01_archive.html

Mavor, Carole.  Pleasures Taken.  Durham: Duke University Press, 1995. 

 

After reading the article “Fenians in the Frame: Photographing Irish Political Prisoners, 1865-1868″ by Breandan Mac Suibhne and Amy Martin, I was interested in the way that prison photography has an uneasy relationship with the traditional language of portraiture.  As Mac Suibhne and Martin point out, Allen Sekula’s description of photography as “a system of representation capable of functioning both honorifically and repressively” is useful in trying to understand the tension present in these photographs.  
The complete article can be found here: http://oconnellhouse.nd.edu/assets/39749/macsuibhnemartinfdr.pdf
I think that Figures 12 and 13, in which the men mock the idea of a mug shot, by adopting pinup poses for the camera are particularly entertaining. 
I immediately thought of the very clever way that Andy Warhol played upon this tension in his infamous mural “13 Most Wanted Men”. 
Warhol was commissioned to create a mural for the 1964-65 New York World Fair.  His mural was extremely controversial because his choice of criminals as subject was judged to be completely inappropriate for an exhibit that was supposed to emphasize the positive aspects of American society.  Additionally, many felt that there was a blatant homosexual connotation to these “wanted” men.  After much debate, the mural was painted over, but Warol definitely made people think about what it means for the state to control photographs.   
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Collins, Bradford R.  “Jokes and their Relation to Warhols ’13 Most Wanted Men’.”  Notes in the History of Art. 17.2. (1998).
 
Posted by: thedawsonrewatch | December 16, 2012

The Fox Sisters and American Spiritualsim

Fox_sisters

These lovely ladies are the Fox sisters, Leah, Maggie, and Katherine. Together they represent the beginning of the American Spiritualism movement. In 1848 while living in Hydesville, New York the girls reported hearing strange knocking sounds in their room during the night. Eventually, the knocking began to be heard throughout the house at which time Katherine (age 12) would challenge or communicate with the “spirits” by repeating the number of knocks. Neighbors were invited to the home to witness this phenomena and a system of asking the spirit’s questions was developed. The Fox Sisters career as mediums was born.

When Katherine and Maggie were sent to stay with relatives in Rochester, the mysterious knocking spirits followed them.  The girls soon became celebrities, popular with members of high society and greatly sought after by those seeking a chance to communicate with the spirit world. The sisters parlayed their local fame into a career, touring music halls and even travelling overseas. They were embraced by celebrities including P.T. Barnum, Horace Greeley, and James Fenimore Cooper.

However, the Fox sisters were questioned and many attempts were made to expose them as skeptics. These attempts to discredit them often involved older men performing hands on physical examinations of the girls bodies to look for evidence of abnormal bone formations. A possible explanation often included that the girls were snapping their toe bones to produce the rapping sounds.

In 1888, Maggie Fox denounced Spiritualism, confessing that everything had been a sham. She would then recant her denouncement but it was too late, the damage had been done.

Posted by: annegab | December 16, 2012

Secret Cross-Dressers and Bruce

In trying to research more about “Richard Bruce” the female cross-dresser that Munby mentions in his writing  (Unfortunately, I couldn’t come up with anything) I stumbled upon this pop article about Bruce Jenner, husband of the Kardashian matriarch who has a fetish for cross-dressing. Apparently, his previous marriages resulted in the fact that his wives had a difficult time accepting this fetish.

Perhaps the fascination with Munby and Cullwick is the fact that cross-dressing and the passing between gender, racial and class boundaries continues to be a misunderstood and complicated. I know that I thought it was fantastic to see an example of how fluid sexuality was in the Victorian period regardless of this era being categorized as a time of sexual repression and control. Isn’t this what we learn in history and are excellent starting points for research? That if something, such as Victorian female sexuality, is considered as highly controlled,  then it must mean that there were actually many representations of “untamable” and “wild”, “undomesticated” sexuality. The issue with Munby and Cullwick of course is the fact that this was a private archive and relationship. Yet how many examples of these types of fluid or dominant-submissive relationships that struggled with multiple performances of gender, race and class do we have today that are actually public and widely disseminated?

Posted by: mahoganycloud | December 16, 2012

The Kiss of Peace

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‘Kiss of Peace’-Cameron

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Farewell of Saints Peter and Paul, showing the Apostles giving each other the holy kiss before their martyrdom. (Alonzo Rodriguez, 16th century, Museo Regionale di Messina).2008BU5440_cameron-the_turtle_doves

Cameron’s ‘Turtle Doves’

I am currently working on my final paper. One of the pictures that I am analyzing is Julia Cameron’s ” Turtle Doves.” At first glance, the first thing that probably comes to mind is that it is a sensual picture. The two girls in the photo are embracing each other, and their lips are together in what seems to be an open-mouth kiss. Is it erotic? I argue that it its not quite, but rather it is representing devoted love. It seems as if Cameron is not only looking towards biblical scriptures for inspiration to create her ‘Madonna and Child’ photographs. It seems as if she is also getting inspiration to create her “kiss of peace.” The kiss of Peace”  is common in the bible.

I Peter 5:14 states:  Greet one another with a kiss of love”

The kisses in these images are not meant to be taken as sexual kisses. Instead, they are meant to represent what they did in a biblical sense.

Posted by: thedawsonrewatch | December 12, 2012

Victorian Cougars

Victorian Cougars

Citing a recent Daily Mail article that looks at a Victorian Era census for evidence of May-December  romances. Research, it is what you make of it!

Posted by: Lara | December 12, 2012

Dream Children

At the beginning of the semester I sat down with my buddy the LoC to find some images for the class. Of the many intriguing and beautiful images I found this one:

The image is entitled “A-listnin’ to the witch-tales ‘at Annie tells about” and was taken by Elizabeth B. Brownell, ca. 1900.
(I also want to point out that this is a platinum printplatinum! I can only imagine what the physical copy of it looks like.)

We discussed Cameron’s and Carroll’s work with children and photography and I wanted to learn more about Brownell. Turns out there’s not much out there. A number of her images can be found in the LoC and the text of one of her books is available online, but besides that she’s rather difficult to find.

From my investigation I found she wrote/illustrated/photographed three books-
Dream Children, 1901, a collection of poems, stories, and prose about children with Brownell’s illustrations and photographs, including the image above that went along with “Little Orphant [sic] Annie” by James Whitcomb Riley.
Vision Children Posters, 1903, (full title: Elizabeth Brownell’s posters of the vision children of childhood : a small bunch of the most fragrant blossoms gathered from the ever-blooming gardens of childhood’s dreamland.)
and Really Babies, 1908, her final book with untitled verses that list no author, but written presumably by Brownell. *

Dream Children is available in the public domain via google books/archives, but only contains the text, not the images. Talk about frustrating. However, from her introduction we learn that Brownell is heavily influenced by religion and that “the aim of this little book has been to picture, with the newest aid to pictorial effect, the camera, a few Dream Children of literature.”

The table of contents is just wonderful in itself, containing the work of Hans Christian Anderson, Henry Longfellow, Lewis Carroll, Elizabeth Berrett Browning, Charles Dickens, Robert Browning, George Eliot… and two of my favorite additions Edgar Allen Poe (“Annabel Lee” of course, since that’s totally for children) and our pal Thomas Carlyle (Remember him?).

I’m desperate to see the other photographs and illustrations in the books, so I requested both Dream Children and Vision Children through the interlibrary loan system and I hope I get them (many seem to be for display only).

 

 

I have to say that I am continually drawn to the “Orphan Annie” photograph. The girl’s eyes pull my own gaze and I feel like I cannot look away, yet at the same time, neither can she. (This also reminds me of Cameron’s “Echo” in a way). The title of the photograph causes me to apply the idea that the girl is listening to a story (told by Annie and thus must be rather exciting and a little scary). For me, the photograph captures the perfect moment of anxiety and anticipation. The moment of wanting, no needing, to know what will happen, while also being terrified for the tale to continue. In all honesty I feel that I can barely explain how the girl’s expression makes me feel. Those stunning wide eyes, so open and telling… it makes me think of our conversation in the last class about the soul in photographs.

Anyway, I wanted to leave off with this image:

Young boy holding a smaller child, Brownell, ca. 1900.

For me it recalls Cameron’s “Double Star.” I’m still contemplating the connection; how does Brownell’s image of two young boys differ from Cameron’s girls? Brownell’s pose is different, yet there still seems to be an intimacy / connection between the figures, how different is it?

Is anyone else as fascinated as I am with the “Annie” photograph?

*Most of the information I found came from one article by Gillian Greenhill Hannum, which can be found in pdf form here.

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